The Suez Canal Crisis of 1956 - 648 Words

Clearly, this period was marked by political instability of which the communists sought to take advantage of. In 1954, Khalid Bakdash won a seat in parliament as the first communist elected to an Arab parliament. The Suez Canal Crisis of 1956 strengthened the communist influence in Syria after signing a pack with the Soviet Union in exchange for military equipment. Soviet support to Syria was part of the greater strategic battle playing out in the Middle East between the Western and Eastern blocs. It was apparent that Syrian political power was likely to shift towards communism at this point. The Communist Party of Syria was becoming highly organized and the army’s chief of staff, Afif al-Bizri, was a Communist sympathizer (Irvine, 2013). Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser pushed for a political union with Syria. Partially in support of Arab nationalism but also in part to block the communist influence in Syria. Nasser himself was fearful of communist takeover and during his presidency the Egyptian Communist Party was banned. Clearly, the growing Communist Party of Syria did not deem this unification desirable, but support for the unity was quite popular resulting from Nasser’s leadership and diplomatic victory in the Suez Canal Crisis. Therefore, they could not strongly oppose the creation of the United Arab Republic in 1958. This union was short lived as Nasser refused to share significant power with Syria. Syria became independent once again after a military coup inShow MoreRelatedThe 1956 Suez Crisis in Terms of U.S Involvement Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1956, the United States, led by President Dwight Eisenhower, became self-enveloped in the Suez Canal Crisis involving Israel, Egypt, France, and Great Britain. The United States involvement in the Suez Canal Crisis not only resulted in an Egyptian and Soviet victory, but it also revealed that the United States was capable of gambling in order to gain alliance with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser as a gateway into the Middle East. America, left utterly dismayed by its allies who plannedRead MoreLester B. Pearson and the Suez Canal Crisis1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Suez crisis was a conflict that could have easily turned into a third World War. With a battle between the Israelis and Egyptians at Sinai, the British and French invasion of Egypt, and nuclear threats from the Soviet Union, all of the elements were present to escalate the conflict and pull other countries into the fray. Canada had no direct ties to the Suez crisis, in terms of control or economic interest. However, Canadian Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Lester B. Pearson, persuadedRead MoreBritish Control Over The Suez Canal1351 Words   |   6 Pagesorder to have control over the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal connected the British Empire in the west to India in the east, making it significant trade route for Britain to control. During the Cold War, Egypt became an area of great tension, challenging British control over the canal. There was an increase of nationalism, along with the rise of Gamal Abdel Nasser to power. His rise to power lead to the Suez Canal Crisis and Egypt’s independence from Britain in 1956. The Arab Spring began in TunisiaRead MoreThe Suez War or Crisis of 1956 1016 Words   |  4 PagesThe Suez War or Crisis of 1956 was a geopolitical conflict between Egypt with Israel, Great Britain, and France. Just War theory will be used to assess the â€Å"just† qualities of the British’s involvement in the war. Great Britain’s role in the war does not fit within any of the categories of being a just war in either â€Å"jus ad bellum† or in â€Å"jus in bello.† A â⠂¬Å"just war† can be justified if it brings peace to a region however; in this case, the Suez War was fought to retain the British’s colonial powersRead MoreThe Suez Crisis: The Sun Sets on the Days of Empire1009 Words   |  4 PagesThe Suez Crisis: The Sun sets on the days of Empire. In the latter half of the 20th century, and following on from the international changes wrought by the Second World War, the old imperialist nations began to realise that the world had changed and that they were no longer global powers. In 1922, Oswald Spengler wrote that the rise of nations and cultures is inevitably followed by their eclipse. Ironically for Britain, victory in World War Two perhaps masked this for a while, and it was not untilRead MoreThe United States Has Engaged In Numerous International1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States has engaged in numerous international interventions in the Middle East. The two major events that have shaped the politics of U.S. foreign policy, Israel, and the Arab states are the Suez Crisis of 1956 and the Six Day War of 1967. President Eisenhower and President Johnson each took different approaches while confronting these crises. The personalities, motives and predispositions of the Presidents and their circle of closest advisors explain how they shaped their policies andRead MoreThe Suez Crisis and Sir Antony Eden1906 Words   |  8 PagesThe Suez Crisis is often cited by some historians as one of the worst historical decisions that imprinted an indelible mark on the then British premier Sir Antony Eden. More often than not the decision by Eden to invade Egypt following a disagreement about nationalization of the Suez Canal is often cited as a the worst foreign policy decision that destroyed Eden political career and humiliated British empire in its wake. The decision by Eden to use military force against Nasser is often viewed byRead MoreEssay about The Establishment of the United Nations Emergency Force705 Words   |  3 PagesNovember , 1956 that 57 UN states voted in favor of Lester Pearson’s idea of establishing a large scale peacekeeping force. 1 This large scale peacekeeping force would be known as the United Nations Emergency Force ( UNEF) and would be responsible to securing an end to th e Suez Crisis. The idea was for the British,French and Israeli forces to withdraw from the canal and the UNEF would remain in the canal area stabilizing the situation. 2 The UNEF was responsible for looking after the Suez Canal, facilitatingRead MoreThe Assassination Of The Suez War901 Words   |  4 Pageseventually took a back seat in 1956 when Israel attempted to remove Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser from power in the Suez War. While the other Arab States had limited their involvement in the reprisal operations, Egypt, which bordered Israel directly to the south, had directly sponsored Fedayeen terrorists in Palestine; a group infamous for targeting civilians. Egyptian authorities had also repeatedly seized and detained Israeli ships passing through the Suez Canal, a strategically important waterwayRead MoreWhat Happened during the Suez Crisis2104 Words   |  9 Pages 4. In what ways can the Suez Crisis be seen as a conflict between nationalism and imperialism? The Suez Crisis was an incident that first commenced on the 29th of October, 1956, in which Israeli military forces entered the Sinai Peninsular and attacked Egyptian positions, driving them back. By the next day, Israeli forces had reached the Suez Canal, after taking a majority of the Sinai Peninsular. (Best, Hanhimaki, Maiolo Schulze, 2008, p.432). Britain and France then both issued

My Personality and Learning Style Free Essays

My Personality and Learning Style My personality type is ISTJ which is introverted, sensor, thinker, and judger. Introverted people are more likely to be reserved, private and more likely to work alone than with groups. Social events are not a strong characteristic of an introvert which prefers to be in a calm quiet location with relatives and solitude. We will write a custom essay sample on My Personality and Learning Style or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sensor’s tend to prefer problems with a set of guidelines that state facts of data directly and learn through example or experience. Thinkers believe that rational and logical thinking over emotional feeling’s. Judger’s have structure and balance their time and schedule precisely. Which can be managing people or working with a set of specific instructions and goals. I believe that the personality type test is accurate in describing my Personality. The test states that I am sixty percent introverted which means that i prefer working alone and reflect on my thoughts. Introverts might not ask question’s and rely on others to ask for them but if i know there is something i don’t understand and absolutely can’t figure out by myself that’s when i ask a question. I feel that personality can have a big impact on your grades, for example extroverts are more likely to talk during a teacher’s lecture and cause them to miss some information. While introverts tend to keep more thoughts to themselves and are more likely to pay attention in class. Having a clear understanding of how you learn and perceive information which can be more efficient in less time wasted. V. A. R. K is visual, aural, read, write and kinesthetic. The way you process or perceive information in the classroom can define the grade you earn. My preferred choice of sensory is reading and writing because i like write and read notes over several times. Memorizing information, notes and study material is my most effective way of assuring that i pass my exams. You can have more than one way of learning through your sensor’s which is called multimodal are not necessarily smarter but just prefer multiple modes of learning which is purely based on preference. Being successful in the classroom for myself begins with paying attention to the information the professor tries to relay. Sitting in the front of the classroom is important to me because I know it gives me an advantage over someone who sits in the back where it is difficult to hear. The first thing I do when I arrive to the classroom is copy the notes the teacher has written on the board or screen. I sense it will be important to know unless told otherwise by the instructor. Knowing I prefer the sensor over intuition i will more than likely choose a class and degree where the information is directly stated with facts and concrete data over a class where theory and imagination is involved. Personality and learning style play’s an important role in your education. Students tend to perceive information different way and rates. The students who have compatible learning style with the teachers teaching style will retain information better and be efficient in learning. Every teacher might not have the same teaching style but if you take steps to adapt you will increase your chances of doing well in the class. Talk to the instructor and counselor’s so you’re learning needs can be met and prevent you from failing the class. How to cite My Personality and Learning Style, Essays

Comparison and Contrast Secondary Education System In Uk and Usa

Question: Discuss their similarities and differences of the two education systems following a compare/contrast essay structure. Analyse three areas such as the funding, organisation, and quality of each system (one paragraph each start with a clear topic sentence). Provide evidence and examples using the UK education booklet and your own research, and comment on the implications for each country. Conclusion Summarise the main points of your essay in one concluding paragraph. Include your own opinion as to which system is more effective. Answer: Introduction Education System differs spectacularly with varying countries and its definition varies as well. As per the description of Cambridge Advanced Learner dictionary, education is the process or system of teaching, whether the education is in school or college. Education indeed is very imperative for every society (Ball, 2013). Future of the country depends directly on the education system that makes the country and the countrymen well knowledgeable and well developed with harmony. Education has certain social responsibilities-: Education ensures development of the society Education upholds current political system Education is the medium of promoting the society norms and values National identity is created when education becomes the medium Education is the medium which makes the kids civilized and socialized. Education also holds the responsibility of producing human capital that stimulates the economic growth of the country that brings wealth for the nation. But there are certain differences between education systems of two countries. Specifically the secondary education system of the countries varies significantly. Below mentioned are the major aspects that define the difference of secondary education system in UK and USA. What are the major aspects and the impacts are as well described below. You can know about the influences of secondary education system in a country and why this needs great concern. Education system of UK and the aspect of Secondary education system with its influence on the future of the citizens The secondary education comes under the subdivision of the compulsory stage. This Secondary education is the stage which is accessed by the pupils after the age of 11. These pupils are transferred or promoted from the primary school. Moreover 90% of pupils of the secondary schools go to the comprehensive schools. The comprehensive term refers to All-inclusive which was introduced in the 1960s. Most of the secondary system schools are comprehensive and dont operate any selective entrance system(Findlay et al., 2012). Secondary education system of UK in detail In some parts of England/UK, the grammar school system also operated and over here the pupils are required to pass the entrance examinations as per their ability. As per the education system of UK, the children are open to choose their subjects as per their field of choice for the consecutive years at the age of 9 years. This option is for the GCSE exams in which subjects like math, science, English, PE and any foreign language subjects are studied. The UK secondary education system reforms the system to be fewer exams oriented. The secondary education of UK allows taking the children having abilities of all types and provide them education of wide range in both the sections, practically and academic. Report defines that about 4% of students attend the grammar schools(Lee, Johnson Joyce, 2012). They enter these schools the age of 11 as said with their special abilities. Even 6% of children attending the secondary schools are provided general education until the age of 16. The pupils in UK leave the secondary school at the age of 16 years and prefer to enter any types of training courses. According to a report, 65% of children leave the secondary school. The main qualification in UK that is taken by the secondary pupils is the GCSE-General Certificate of Secondary Education. The pupils can stay on for getting prepared for A-examination for two years if their results go well (Manzon, 2014). Even the ratio of Boys and Girls attending the classes together in UK is more than 80% at the secondary levels, only few selective areas have lower ratio. In UK, the school year is basically divided into three terms which begins from early September and ends in July the next year. Secondary Education System in USA may be more enhancing than UK with the mentioned features Moreover, attending the schools is compulsory in USA. The education system in USA is quite different than the education system in UK. The Secondary Education System is basically based on the ideology of mass education providing equal and relevant opportunity to everyone. Until the age of 18, 90% of students continue in schools (Findlay et al., 2012).The secondary education is provided by the Middle schools or by the high schools that are divided into junior high school and senior high school. In the large towns there is a wide choice of secondary school available. When any student choose for remaining at the central high school, the student may have opportunity to choose the preferred subjects from the variety available that are referred as traditional subjects (Manzon, 2014). As per the educational rules in USA, the American pupils after completion of the fifth grade they advance towards secondary school. The secondary schools consist of seven years in total which is referred as the sixth through the twelfth grade. Even the ninth grade through the twelfth grade is commonly referred as the high school. After completing the twelfth grade, a certificate is awarded to the American pupils. This certificate is called as the high school diploma certificate. As per the American Education System, a pupil must hold a high school diploma certificate before getting admitted into any college or any university(Findlay et al., 2012). The USA high schools are very comprehensive and are referred as coeducational secondary schools. USAs Secondary School System doesnt include any specialized vocational schools. The main school leaving qualification after successfully completing the board of secondary school is the High school diploma. Comparison of Secondary Education System of UK and USA The bar outlines beneath (Bar graph 1) thoroughly analyze relative extents of circulation of open and private wellsprings of funding for institutes at a tertiary level in the U.S. also, the UK, taking into account 1999-2000 information. The below diagrams show propensities of progressively moving assets from open to private sources with the U.S. driving in the division of private financing and the UK emulating its example. Source: World education indicators from www.uis.unesco.org In UK, Further development of business practices by colleges is the expanding inclusion of organizations in Academic time. This pattern has been prevalent among private as well as open establishments too, and even among junior colleges. For example, in the expanding request for CSR from organizations, one piece of companies reactions to expanding social weight could be contribution in junior colleges or different organizations confronting troubles, sending volunteer representatives to share in educational programs outline, instructor preparing furthermore, and IT improvement. On account of USA, they expanded the work market possibilities of junior college graduates who might somehow be not able either precede further instruction or discover a vocation. Quality of Education system of USA varies from UK and broadly in the secondary education system UK USA The secondary education of UK consists of three stages; those are pre-compulsory, compulsory and post-compulsory. The education system in USA is divided into pre-school and elementary, secondary and higher education. As per report 91% of pupils graduate High School in UK Report says, 77% of pupils graduate in USA. Before a degree the UK students are required to obtain GCSE and A-Level. The students in USA must obtain a Diploma. The schools in UK generally are not funded by the government for which the schools charge high tuition fees. Maximum numbers of schools are owned publicly and are financed by either the state government or the local government. These schools are free. There are even some private schools that charge high fees which are exclusively for the children of rich peoples. The schools in UK offer scholarships for the pupils having good and bright carrier. The private schools offer scholarships. The private schools which are rather financed by any religious groups or any such organizations they are much cheaper than other private schools. Conclusion The above mentioned description of Secondary education system in both UK and USA reflects that the education systems are almost similar but may not be quite perfect in building up a well consoled future of the children. With a serious emphasize on the secondary education of both UK and USA it cant be cleared up that whose education system is better. The pupils from both UK and USA are achieving incomparable success in their respective fields and are building a greater economic strength(Lee, Johnson Joyce, 2012). We can just depict that USA having higher economic strength in comparison to UK can be defined to have a better secondary education system than UK. The governments of both UK as well as USA are trying on to address all of the functions of education with their policy. The teachers those are involved in the entire education system in their respective areas can help the governments in making a decision in regards to the education system through the teachers union. It would indeed work incredibly when the teachers combining with the government would work in order to produce a better education system in the future. References Bray, M., Adamson, B. and Mason, M. eds., 2014.Comparative education research: Approaches and methods(Vol. 32). Springer. Bray, M., 2014. Actors and purposes in comparative education. In Comparative Education Research(pp. 19-46). Springer International Publishing. Ball, S.J., 2013.The education debate.Policy Press. Blaug, M. (2014).Economics of education: A selected annotated bibliography. Elsevier. Chowdry, H., Crawford, C., Dearden, L., Goodman, A. and Vignoles, A., 2013. Widening participation in higher education: analysis using linked administrative data.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society),176(2), pp.431-457. Findlay, A.M., King, R., Smith, F.M., Geddes, A. and Skeldon, R., 2012.World class? An investigation of globalization, difference and international student mobility.Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers,37(1), pp.118-131. Lee Jr, R.D., Johnson, R.W. and Joyce, P.G., 2012.Public budgeting systems.Jones Bartlett Publishers. Manzon, M., 2014.Comparing places. InComparative education research (pp. 97-137). Springer International Publishing.

The Internet Essays - Cultural Globalization, Digital Technology

The Internet Abstract The Internet is a source of more information then most of us know. In this report I highlight some of my favorite things. Also, I highlight some of the things that we as users and buyers need to be cautious of before using. What is the Internet? What comes to a your mind when they think of the Internet? Well, I will tell you what used to come to my mind. When I thought of the Internet, I thought of x-rated Web pages and chat rooms. I envisioned a medium that was so full of disgusting and perverted pictures that parents needed a "cybersitter" to make sure that their children did not get into the Web pages that they were not supposed to. I thought this was the way it was because that is what I had heard about, but I'm a experimental type person and decided to investigate for myself what was really on the Internet. What I found surprised me greatly, for although there are a lot of things that a person would not want their children to see or read, a person has to intentionally search out these things to find them. When you compare the wealth of information you can retrieve off the Internet, it is worth the effort that it takes to make it where children can work on the computer without fear of them being exposed t! o something they should not. One way to make it safer for your children and teens is done when you origianly sign up with your Internet provider. What you do is turn on teen access only, or children acess only, but since nothing is foolproof, keep the computer in a open spot where the you can always see what is going on, for supervision is always the best solution. What does the Internet do? That is a concise question with a broad answer. The facts show that the Internet does nothing. We travel through it to get to our destination ,but we do not use it as itself. It is a tool in our human communications capability. In my research the article compared the Internet to the telephone system, and said that it was similar to our Interstate highway System. The Internet extends the reach of people so that ideas and services can be exchanged, but this does not happen by itself. The Internet is actually a global network of networks. Millions of computers are able to share information with each other using the telephone lines. In fact, the Internet links at least 3 million computers at any one time, and that does not count the people logging on just to surf the net. It only counts the institutions providing some type of Internet service, or information sharing programs. How did the Internet begin? I thought this was interesting. The Internet began like most things in our society, that is to say that it was started by the government. The Internet started out as a experimental military network in the 60's. It then expanded to other governmental agencies and then to higher education. Now the Internet is well known all over the world, for just about anywhere you go, people know what the Internet is. Not everyone knows what to do with the Internet, but most know what it is. Now, unlike a few years ago, the Internet is accessible to just about anyone with a computer. The individual needs only a modem, but they also needs internet access to be connected. At this point it would be good to distinguish between Internet providers and commercial services providing Internet access. As I mentioned before the Internet started with the government and spread to education. These two groups comprised the bulk of the Internet until the late 1980's when companies began linking to the Internet. So a University or Government agency that provides internet access to their students and employees are providing what is considered full Internet access. They do not pay for their Internet access it is part of their studies and employment. On the other hand, the average Joe can get hooked online through a commercial service such as America online, prodigy, and other large communications company such as AT&T and GTE. These companies provide Internet access that is much mo! re user friendly, and was designed with the consumer in mind. One thing I forgot to mention, is that before you can be connected to an online service

Gagadon - Facts and Figures

Gagadon - Facts and Figures If youre announcing a new genus of artiodactyl, it helps to come up with a distinctive name, since even-toed mammals were thick on the ground in early Eocene North America (about 55 to 50 million years ago). Enter Gagadon minimonstrum, aka the Lady Gaga-toothed mini-monster, the lower jaw of which was discovered in Wyoming in 1988, but which wasnt announced to the world until May of 2014- presumably when paleontologists Richard K. Stucky and Herbert H. Covey deemed the roster of high-powered pop stars to be suitably impressive. (See a slideshow of 10 Real-Life Dinosaurs Named After Celebrities) The most notable feature of Gagadon was the unique accessory cusps on its teeth, which was doubtless an adaptation to its preferred grass diet (though presumably Lady Gaga herself enjoys a more varied menu). Described by Stucky and Covey as a dramatic departure from the other ungulates of early Eocene North America, these teeth were clearly a speedy evolutionary development, as early hooved mammals rapidly adapted to the changing conditions on earth a mere 10 million years after the dinosaurs went extinct. In fact, small, inoffensive mammals like Gagadon were fated to evolve, tens of millions of years down the line, into such varied creatures as elks, camels, deers and giraffes- rather the way Lady Gaga herself has spawned countless imitators, idolaters and high-powered pop stars. Name Gagadon  minimonstrum  (the Gaga-toothed mini-monster, after pop star Lady Gaga); pronounced GAH-gah-don  mih-nee-MON-strum Habitat Plains of North America Historical Epoch Early Eocene (55-45 million years ago) Size and Weight Undisclosed, but small Diet Grass Distinguishing Characteristics Petite size; quadrupedal posture; unique tooth structure

Biography of Isabella I, Queen of Spain

Biography of Isabella I, Queen of Spain Isabella I of Spain (April 22, 1451–November 26, 1504) was the queen of Castile and Leà ³n in her own right and, through marriage, became the queen of Aragon.  She  married Ferdinand II of Aragon, bringing the kingdoms together into what became Spain under the rule of her grandson Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor.  She sponsored Columbus voyages to the Americas and was known as  Isabel la Catolica, or Isabella the Catholic, for her role  in purifying the Roman Catholic faith by expelling Jews from her lands and defeating the Moors. Fast Facts: Queen Isabella Known For: Queen of Castile, Leà ³n, and Aragon (became Spain)Also Known As: Isabella the CatholicBorn: April 22, 1451 in Madrigal de las Altas Torres,  CastileParents: King John II of Castile, Isabella of PortugalDied: Nov. 26, 1504 in Medina del Campo, SpainSpouse: Ferdinand II of AragonChildren: Joanna of Castile, Catherine of Aragon, Isabella of Aragon, Maria of Aragon, and John, Prince of Asturias Early Life At her birth on April 22, 1451, Isabella was second in the line of succession to her father, King John II of Castile, following her older half-brother Henry.  She became third in line when her brother Alfonso was born in 1453. Her mother was  Isabella of Portugal, whose father was a son of King John I of Portugal and whose mother was a granddaughter of the same king.  Her fathers father was Henry III of Castile, and his mother was Catherine of Lancaster, the daughter of John of Gaunt (third son of Englands Edward III) and Johns second wife, the Infanta Constance of Castile. Isabellas half-brother became Henry IV, king of Castile, when their father, John II, died in 1454 when Isabella was 3. Isabella was raised by her mother until 1457, when the two children were brought to court by Henry to keep them from being used by opposition nobles. Isabella was well educated.  Her tutors included Beatriz Galindo, a professor at the University at Salamanca in philosophy, rhetoric, and medicine. Succession Henrys first marriage ended in divorce and without children. When his second wife, Joan of Portugal,  gave birth to daughter Juana in 1462, the opposition nobles  claimed that Juana was the daughter of Beltran de la Cueva, duke of Albuquerque. Thus, shes known in history as Juana la Beltraneja. The oppositions attempt to replace Henry with Alfonso failed, with the final defeat coming in July 1468 when Alfonso died of suspected poisoning. historians, however, consider it more likely he succumbed to the plague. He had named Isabella his successor. Isabella was offered the crown by the nobles but she refused, probably because she didnt believe she could maintain that claim in opposition to Henry.  Henry was willing to compromise with the nobles and accept Isabella as his heiress. Marriage Isabella married Ferdinand of Aragon, a second cousin, in October 1469 without Henrys approval. The cardinal of Valentia, Rodrigo Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI), helped Isabel and Ferdinand obtain the necessary papal dispensation, but the couple still had to resort to pretenses and disguises to carry out the ceremony in Valladolid.  Henry withdrew his recognition and named Juana as his heir.  At Henrys death in 1474, a war of succession ensued, with Alfonso V of Portugal, prospective husband of Isabellas rival Juana, supporting Juanas claims. The dispute was settled in 1479 with Isabella recognized as Queen of Castile. Ferdinand by this time had become King of Aragon, and the two ruled both realms with equal authority, unifying Spain. Among their first acts were various reforms to reduce the power of the nobility and increase the power of the crown. After her marriage, Isabella appointed Galindo as tutor to her children. Galindo founded hospitals and schools in Spain, including the Hospital of the Holy Cross in Madrid, and probably served as an adviser to Isabella after she became queen. Catholic Monarchs In 1480, Isabella and Ferdinand instituted the Inquisition in Spain, one of many changes to the role of the church instituted by the monarchs. The Inquisition was aimed mostly at Jews and Muslims who had overtly converted to Christianity but were thought to be practicing their faiths secretly. They were seen as heretics who rejected Roman Catholic orthodoxy. Ferdinand and Isabella were given the title the Catholic monarchs by  Pope Alexander VI in recognition of their role in purifying the faith. Among Isabellas other religious pursuits, she took a special interest in the Poor Clares. an order of nuns. Isabella and Ferdinand planned to unify all of Spain by continuing a long-standing but stalled effort to expel the Moors, Muslims who held parts of Spain. In 1492, the Muslim Kingdom of Granada fell to Isabella and Ferdinand, thus completing the Reconquista. That same year, Isabella and Ferdinand issued an edict expelling all Jews in Spain who refused to convert to Christianity. New World Also in 1492, Christopher Columbus convinced Isabella to sponsor his first voyage of exploration. By the traditions of the time, when Columbus was the first European to encounter lands in the New World, these lands were given to Castile. Isabella took a special interest in the Native Americans of the new lands. When some were brought back to Spain as slaves, she insisted they be returned and freed, and her will expressed her wish that the Indians be treated with justice and fairness. Death and Legacy By her death on Nov. 26, 1504, Isabellas sons, grandsons, and her older daughter Isabella, queen of Portugal, had already died, leaving as Isabellas only heir Mad Joan Juana, who became queen of Castile in 1504 and of Aragon in 1516. Isabella was a patron of scholars and artists, establishing educational institutions and building a large collection of artwork. She learned Latin as an adult and was widely read, and she educated her daughters as well as her sons. The youngest daughter, Catherine of Aragon, became the first wife of Henry VIII of England and mother of Mary I of England. Isabellas will, the only writing that she left, summarizes what she thought were her reigns achievements as well as her wishes for the future. In 1958, the Roman Catholic church began the process to canonize Isabella.  After an exhaustive investigation, the commission appointed by the church determined that she had a reputation of sanctity and was inspired by Christian values. In 1974, she was recognized with the title Servant of God by the Vatican, a step in the process of canonization. Sources Isabella I: Queen of Spain. Encyclopedia Brittanica.Isabella I. Encyclopedia.com.

International Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Tourism - Essay Example Natural and cultural resources are viewed as exploitable resources while the industry is viewed as an expert, and development is defined in business terms. The problem in planning sets in with the number of tourists attracted and accommodated. This problem affects the hosts since they have to overcome the problem since they have to be good to the tourists. In this model of planning, planning and demand forecasting methods include; advertising, growth targets, and promotion. According to the policy of boosterism, the chief perceived conclusion is that tourist attractions have developmental benefits, which exceeds the cost. Therefore, the policies target at spending on advertisement and marketing research of tourism. Most countries apply the policy of boosterism in an attempt to promote developments of the tourism industry. These countries focus on approaches that focus on stimulating the demand of tourism. Through the stimulation of tourism demand, the number of tourists increases rem arkably. Boosterism is still adopted in most cases since it focuses on promoting tourism, which is beneficial to the host countries. It is through tourism that several employment opportunities are created to the host country. For instance, through tourism, job opportunities for individuals with little experiences are made available. Also, through tourism, certain lucrative job opportunities exist. For instance, professional athletes, entertainers, gaming and hotel managers, chefs, tourism development engineers, and directors of sporting facilities. It is through boosterism that sectors dealing with marketing and research utilize their knowledge and skills since the policy makers have to focus on marketing of tourism and the gathered research, in attracting tourists and developing tourism. Boosterism is adopted in most cases since through its application of policies that enhance tourism demand; it leads to income growth of the host nation. This is realised through the increased numbe r of tourists visiting the host country, who buy services leaving behind foreign currency. One of the objectives of governments is to promote sustainable economic and social developments. However, with the emerging politico-administrative regimes, government work in providing basic infrastructural services and security. Economic developments now depend on the private investors, who have different levels of regulations. Because of this emerging focus, private investors have developed urban cities resulting from the development of technology. Different urban centres have developed emanating from the technology. Globalization has made competition in investment among urban centres be lively. Urban centres have been the main focus of technological developments, for instance, urban centres are well connected with the internet than the urban areas. This has simplified the marketing of cities over the globe, which promotes boosterism. The marketing of the urban cities has been simplified si nce countries can market their cities through the internet in the most economical and fast way. Hence, with the growth of technology, boosterism has been made convenient, fast and effective, which has made countries use the approach. The approach is convenient since a large number of individuals can be reached with the use of the prevailing technology. It is fast since with the

Puberty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Puberty - Essay Example Social awkwardness occurs naturally if a teen girl develops breasts before the rest of her girl friends her age, or if a teen boy develops hoarse voice earlier than the other boys his age. This could affect their self-esteems as well, thus presenting a social impact. The article â€Å"Childhood Sexuality: An Interpersonal –Intrapsychic Integration† by Singer presents two implications on the society by early sexual maturation. First, childhood sexuality lays the foundations for adult sexual pleasures. This means that if a teen girl or a teen boy reaches the age of puberty earlier than the accepted age, this would lead to an earlier advance to adult sexual relationships that can heavily impact the society in a somewhat negative manner. In fact, it can even imbalance the society in a way that would be seriously distressing for the parents of children who sexually mature earlier than necessary. Second, as the level of psychological development is also decreasing with the de creasing age of puberty, the child can get over-stimulated even on brief display of public affection. This occurs in part due to their immature ego because they naturally have not had enough time for the proper development of their self-regulatory and defensive senses owing to earlier age of puberty.

Foundation Of America Essay Example for Free

Foundation Of America Essay Christians in the united states of America would fully back up this argument in any given circumstance and they are neither right or wrong this is because they have everyone is entitled to his opinion. There are those who are for the view that Americas foundation is based on secular ideals of enlightenment. Christianity is linked to the formation of America because of the values in the declaration of independence document. This document i s not constitution in a America and has got no any legal bindings be more precise its as document that was drafted by the Americans fore fathers to the Britons on their grievances that they were subjected to during imperialisms this document cannot even be used as a source of evidence in any court of law. (Baldwin 34) In the early century Christianity was the predominant religion in America and still is because of its strong roots. With Christianity in full frontal position it permitted other things to accompany it like ecumenism is the act of many denominations coming together and pluralism hence unity of many churches. During this early century pilgrims flee away from Europe in order to escape religious persecution of them settled in America and hence the growth and expansion of Christianity. Christians believe that Americans was founded by Christian forefather who had a view of a government that would help it to rise to greater level. The founding fathers who worked on the Americas constitution were members of the orthodox church and further search shows that even the first continental congress was to open in Christian prayers. They believed that religion and government should actually go hand in hand hence they highly encouraged it. This view has been held in America for approximately 150 years (Dowel 42). In the 1980s during the civil war,protestants joined together for a reform with a purpose of constitution amendments was solely to declare America as a Christ nation. In a bid to spread Christianity to all,One particular Rev. M. Watson even went ahead to suggest that some coins should recognize Gods presence (Jean 56). This according to them America was meant to be officially a Christian state. Colonies had come up with churches and taxed all citizens to their support regardless of being a church m ember or not. unfortunately to those who evaded tax were imprisoned,tortured or even ended up in death. This brings us to the other persons that support the view that America is founded on secular ideals and enlightenment. The constitution is purely secular and apparently no Christ has been mentioned in it . The core founders rulers like Thomas Jefferson,Madison and their allies believed in themselves and were never Christians. With the persecution of those who evaded tax,these rulers helped pass law allowing religious freedom to all. These rulers were deists and never even concurred with the bible or anything in it. Thomass Jefferson one of Americas founding presidents rejected Christianity to a point that he actually thought that it produced fools and hypocrites belief was that religions are founded on myths. America is one of those countries that have actually set a pace when it come to democracy. Revealingly, democracy was first began in pagan Greece. This actually shows there could be a link between Americas and democracy and paganism. This is according to those who hold the view that it was never founded on Christianity. Religion is also another factor that holds on principals that make a country. Thomass Jefferson had earlier passed law allowing religious freedom to all. Religion clearly indicates that its not in their interest to simply it to join it. In the declaration of independence it talks of men being created equal. This is a value that the Christians uphold in their teachings but in the 1970s blacks and native Americans were not equal with whites,neither were men equal with women nor men with land equal to men who dint own land. probably this is a an argument point to those who do not concur with the fact that America was based on a Christian foundation. A constitution a legally binding document when it was enacted to become law it freed many on religion basis but since it did not render special treatment to Christians they argued that America would be unsuccessful on the contrary it emerged a super power. democracy is fully enjoyed by all in America regardless of their religion unlike in other countries where religion is a force to reckon with people are suppressed and oppressed if they don not abide by the founding religion. Christianity early roots do not ascertain it to be Americas foundation was not in the interest of Thomas Jefferson and his cronies to make it a Christian nation but they strived to separate the government and church. Works cited Dowel , Clem. Christian foundation in America. California:provident publishers limited, 2005. Jean, Mary L. America Christian History. Wyoming:secondary press, 2002. Baldwin,Michael. Declaration of independence . Boston:Point books,2001.

The Limitations of Reason Exposed in Crime and Punishment :: Crime Punishment Essays

The Limitations of Reason Exposed in Crime and Punishment    Dostoevsky's   Crime and Punishment illustrates an important idea. The idea is that "reason," that grand and uniquely human power, is limited in reach and scope.   Social critic Friedrich August von Hayek commented once that, ". it may be that the most difficult task for human reason is to comprehend its own limitations. It is essential for the growth of reason that as individuals we should bow to forces and obey principles we cannot hopefully to understand, yet on which the advance and even the preservation of civilization may depend." Such limitations imply that on life's most important questions - particularly those of a moral or ethical nature -- reason alone can produce chilling consequences. Without adequate or any moral illumination, reason alone, when pushed to its limits, can produce consequences which stand dramatically opposed to those moral demands. Dostoevsky's   narrative is directed as a specific critique of Russian manifestations of purely rational political theories current in the 1860's in his homeland. But the challenge he poses has meaning for us at the end of the 20th century.    Dostoevsky's parable focuses on a particular brand of 19th century Russian ideology, as it begins to crystallize in the mind of a young idealist. But the modeling procedure Dostoevsky uses in teasing out the contradictions of Raskolnikov's unguided application of a morally bankrupt theory, could equally well be applied to contemporary thinking around several important and equally bankrupt modern ideas - ideas harshly criticized by thinkers such as Hayek.    Without direction - the source of which is ultimately beyond rational understanding - in the domain of the meta-rational -- reason-as-reason will, sooner or later, run aground. Directed reason on the other hand provides an orientation - an orientation that gives purpose and direction to inquiry -- by allowing us to select from an infinite range of possibilities the right path - the "right" reason.   Problems emerged for Raskolnikov then, and for us now when we deny the need to recognize, acknowledge and bow to external guidance.   The rational and the meta-rational must operate symbiotically: one pointing the way, the other uncovering the Truth.      Raskolnikov rationalized murder. We are appalled. Why? Each of us will attempt to answer in a different way. Fundamentally though I think that most of our answers boil down to the same idea.

Ecological Systems Theory Essay

As I was growing up, I always heard of the expression that â€Å"people are a product of their environment†. I never gave this expression much thought until I got older and became more aware of my surroundings and my own environment. Personally, I feel that there is some truth to this statement. A person’s environment is very influential to their development. A famous psychologist that studied child development, Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner, developed the ecological systems theory to show how a child’s development can be influenced by their environment. Dr. Bronfenbrenner felt that â€Å"a person’s development is the product of a constellation of forces-cultural, social, economic, political- and not merely psychological ones† (Fox, 2005, para 6). According to an article by Nancy Darling of Oberlin College, â€Å"Ecological Systems Theory is presented as a theory of human development in which everything is seen as interrelated and our knowledge of develo pment is bounded by context, culture, and history† (Darling, 2007, p. 204). The Ecological Systems Theory consists of five levels of the environment that are influential to a child’s development. These five levels are the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and the chronosystem. These five levels each contribute significantly and helps to mold an individual which can affect their personality, the way they think, and who they are as a person overall. The first level, the microsystem, consists of the immediate environment that the child is in on a daily basis (Oswalt, 2008). The microsystem would include a child’s immediate family, teachers, neighbors, daycare, school, and peers or anyone who a child or individual interacts with directly on a daily basis. The microsystem is important to a child’s development because if the environment they are around on a daily basis is stable, nurturing, and caring, then that child will likely model the same behavior. However, if the child is in an environment where they are neglected and abused or see violence, this can have an influence on their behavior and cause them to become affected by this negative environment. For example, if a child is surrounded by a family who is violent and does not pay much attention to their needs, neighbors that use profanity, and aggressive peers, then this child is exposed to more negative than positive behaviors. This can cause the child to model what they are exposed to, which is negativity. However, if the same child is in an environment where the family is nurturing, the teachers are welcoming and encourage learning, and its’ peers display positive social skills, then the child is exposed to positive behavior and is more likely to display positive behavior than negative. This level is closest to the child and is the most influential level of the ecological system (Paquette & Ryan, 2001). The next level of the ecological systems theory is the mesosystem. The mesosystem consists of how the people in the child’s microsystem interact with each other. The mesosystem is the connection, or the relationship, between the parents and the teachers or the child and their peers, to name a few. For example, if the child’s parents have a good relationship with his or her teacher and are involved with their education, this can help encourage learning and promote good behavior and good grades at school. If the parents are not involved at school and do not interact with the child’s teacher regularly, the child may feel as if education is not important and may display poor behavior and grades at school, which affects their learning. The ecological systems theory also includes the exosystem. The exosystem consists of people that the child may not interact with on a daily basis but still has an influence on that child such as their neighbors, a coach, a preacher. The exosystem could also consist of situations that may happen to the parents that indirectly affects the child such as promotions or layoffs at work. A promotion or layoff at work determines how the child will be taken care of and impacts their physical needs (Oswalt, 2008). This type of situation can be either negative or positive for the child. A preacher or a coach can be looked upon as a role model or mentor to the child and can be very influential to a child and their development. The last two levels of the ecological systems theory are the macrosystem and the chronosystem. The macrosystem consists of cultures, values, and laws. The macrosystem â€Å"describes the culture in which individuals live† (Santrock, 2007). The macrosystem has much to do with what is going on in society and how it affects the child. For example, a recession, a war, how society views gender roles, and the child’s family values, can all greatly affect the development of a child. This can influence how a child feels about the government, its views on war, or what the child grows up to value. The chronosystem is life events that can alter or change how the child feels about certain things or situations. For example, any transition such as a death of a parent, a birth of another child, or a divorce can change the views of a child. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development has helped to shape my development because as I was a young child, my parents were affectionate and nurturing towards myself and my siblings, we were raised in a positive, stable, and structured environment, and my parents supported a good education and were involved with our teachers in school. The way my parents raised me has helped me to become a great mother to my son. I try to make sure that the people in his microsystem that he deals with directly are positive in order to help him develop and grow into a positive individual. I consider myself to be nurturing and supportive towards my son. We have a good relationship and I try to raise him a positive environment as well. I instill in him, the values that my parents instilled in me. Since my levels in the ecological system were positive as I was growing up, I feel that it has influenced me to become a well-rounded individual. It has helped me to have morals, values, and sel f-respect. The levels in my ecological system have influenced me to value education and to want to pursue an education on the graduate level. Because I take my role as a mother seriously, I want to offer my son the best life possible. This means that I have to be a great provider for him, which includes having a stable job that pays well and working in a career that I enjoy. I have always enjoyed learning about child development and I currently work with children in the mental health field. Obtaining a master’s degree will help me to be able to develop and grow personally and more professionally so that I can be a better provider for my family as well as get a job in the field that I wish to pursue. My career goals include working with children and adolescents either in the school system, as a child psychologist or social worker, or in the juvenile justice field. In the future, I hope to continue working with children directly, as a part of their microsystem, in order to make a differenc e and be a positive influence to them, as individuals in my microsystem were to me. So, is it safe to say that â€Å"people are a product of their environment?† I think Dr. Urie Bronfenbrenner did a good job of showing that this can be true by developing the ecological systems theory. However, we still have to be aware of the fact that although a child’s environment is very influential to their development, they have the power to change, or transition, their thoughts and beliefs. We must remember that a person’s beliefs systems can also be affected by experiences and situations that they encounter throughout life. So, yes our environment is very influential to our development, but we do not have to be a product of our environment since we are able to make changes within ourselves to become who we want to be. References Darling, N. (2007). Ecological Systems Theory: The Person in the Center of the Circles. p. 204. Retrieved December 20, 2012 from http://www.uamont.edu/facultyweb/brown/PSY4683/Darling(2007).pdf Fox, M. (2005). Urie Bronfenbrenner; renowned authority on child development. New York Times News Service. Retrieved December 20, 2012 from http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20051002/news_mz1j2urie.html Oswalt, A. (2008). Urie Bronfenbrenner and Child Development. Retrieved December 21, 2012 from http://www.mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=7930&cn=28 Paquette, D. & Ryan, J. (2001). Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. Retrieved December 20, 2012 from http://people.usd.edu/~mremund/bronfa.pdf Santrock, J. (2007). Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. Retrieved December 20, 2012 from http://impactofspecialneeds.weebly.com/bronfenbrennerrsquos-ecological-systems-theory.html

Chopin’s Homeland Essay

Leaving Warsaw at his 20 years old because of the uprising, with the strong homesick mood, Chopin brings a handful of Poland’s soil to Paris with him. After he settles down well in Paris, living peacefully as a composer without war or uprising, he becomes so sad every day. He composes 60 Mazurkas when he is in Paris; they’re more like character pieces, using inspired melodies and intricate harmonies to express wistful memories and homesickness seemingly without remedy. With the longing for homeland in his rest life, he becomes more and more sick and he is gone when he is 39 years old. Everyday after he leaves Warsaw, he is struggling in the pain of homesickness. But he never comes back in his rest 19 years, even once time. After he is died, his funeral is established in Warsaw. With Mozart’s requiem, his body is burned in the Warsaw’s soil and he comes back the homeland finally. Chopin’s life is so sad and impressive as his works. Every time when I play his Mazurka, I even feel I can see the young and talent man who holds a soil of Poland, with tears on his face. Besides being sad for him, I begin to wonder other questions: Why not he never comes back to Warsaw in the 19 years? Why does he still want to be burned in Warsaw? In order to figure out the answer, I read many essays about homeland. â€Å"Lost in Translation† of Eva Hoffman is impressive one for me. In her essay, Hoffman describes her translation from Cracow to Canada with her family to avoid the Second World War when she was thirteen years old. She is so sad as Chopin when they leave Cracow, her homeland. She believes she loses a lot and says, â€Å" my mind rejects the idea of being taken there. I do not want to be pried out of my childhood, my pleasures, my safety, my hopes for becoming a pianist.† (177) Due to the leaving, everything that she used to have in Cracow is gone, as she says, â€Å" I t is a notion of such crushing, definitely finality that to me it might as well mean the end of the world.† (176) With such a pain, she translates to Canada. Even though she gets the peaceful life and good education in Canada, Cracow is always the paradise and is always the place she is longing for and searching for. Hoffman recounts a conversation with a woman in a stylish party in New York. The woman’s father was a diplomat in Asian country, so â€Å" she had lived surrounded by sumptuous elegance, the courtesy of servants and the delicate advances of older men.† (177) For the woman, that life is paradise and it is a common sense that people wants to pursue the gorgeous life. But for Hoffman, the paradise is the life in Cracow, even though her life in Cracow is under, â€Å" dark political rumblings, memories of wartime suffering, and daily struggle for existence.† The life for her is poor and dark, but with pleasure childhood, her safety and her hope to be a pianist. These beautiful memories and sweet feelings make her never forget Cracow and make her always trust that Cracow is the paradise for her whole life. However, with the strong longing for Cracow, Hoffman, like Chopin, never comes back to Cracow, even though the war ends and Cracow comes back to peace. All she does to satisfy her longing for Cracow is reminding these memories and she lets her mind come back to Cracow and come back to the time when she was four years old. â€Å" It is Cracow, 1949, I am four years, and I do not know that this happiness is taking place is taking place in a country recently destroyed by a war,† she recounts. She never comes back, like Chopin; she lets her mind totally sink into the old memories to satisfy her longing for home and to make her feel sweet and pleasure. Both Hoffman and Chopin have the strong longing for homeland, but they both never come back the land they expect for a long time. I begin to wonder why they do not come back to the land that they miss strongly? Do they not have opportunities to come back or do they not want to come back essentially? N. Scott Momaday’s essay, â€Å" The Way To Rainy Mountain† inspires me. In his essay, Momaday recounts his journey to Rainy Mountian which is an old landscape for Kiowa tribe that his grandmother was the member of them. Walking on the Rainy Mountain, he memorializes how the way of life of the Kiowa tribe and how Kiowa tribe disappears. Kiowa people used to control the whole of the Oklahoma Plains; they have their language, culture and tradition. But modern culture, soldiers and government make Kiowa disappear. His grandmother is one of the last generation to witness the brilliance of that culture. After leaving Kiowa tribe and translating to the modern life, his grandmother, Aho is sad to lose her homeland. Her childhood is defined by â€Å" frogs away by the river† and â€Å" the motion of the air†(183), but her life after Kiowa disappears is sunk into the memories of Kiowa. She uses the language of Kiowa to pray; she dances Sun Dances. These two ways are all she can do to memory her homeland so that she can feel Kiowa again. However, like Chopin and Hoffman, Aho never comes back the Oklahoma Plains either. If she came back, everywhere she would pass in the plain triggers memories of Kiowa people and culture of Kiowa. However, everything about Kiowa does not exist anymore. No people will hunt on the plain; no people dance the Sun dance; no people would pray using the Kiowa language under noon. Even though she can walk on the Rainy Mountain, she cannot find the trace of Kiowa. Maybe this is also the reason why Hoffman can Chopin did not come back their homelands. Everything during the time when they leave has changes, and the place is not the homeland as they remember. Chopin, Hoffman and Momaday’s grandmother cannot see the homeland they miss and expect, because everything changes so quietly on land, such as the buildings, roads and bridges. But landscape, soil and the land will not change always. I have seen the satisfied face of my grandfather when he touched the soil of his homeland. My grandfather was born in a small town of southern China. Because of the red soil, the land was so poor that they had to go fishing to survive. My grandfather’s family lived on a small boat. Even though the life was poor, my grandfather was so happy since everyday he can see his parents and brother. However, when he was ten years old, the internal war begins in China and his brother was force to go to Taiwan. Since that time, my grandfather never saw him again until last year he got a phone and was told his brother was died in Taiwan. After he got the news, my all family came back the homeland of my grandfather. I can clearly remember how happy he was when he saw many fishing boats on the shore; how exited he was when he saw the mountain where he often climbed with his brother; how moved he was when he touched the red soil on the land. He told me that these fishing boats, landscape and the soil made him feel the sweet and warm as before he was ten years old. He is right. The soil will not change, and it is totally the same as before no matter how long time has gone. The soil can make my grandfather to remind the old and beautiful memories and feelings. I think this is the reason why he wants to come back to his homeland even though the small town has changed a lot in the past 60 years. The sad Mazurka comes into my mind. Now, I have already known why Chopin does not come back to Warsaw when he is alive and why he wants to be burned in the land. He does not come back since he knows the Warsaw has changed and it is not the city as he remembered and imaged. He will not get the trace of the old city as Momaday’s grandmother cannot find the trace of Kiowa. However, as my grandfather, he still believes the soil of Warsaw does not change. The moment when his body is burned in the soil is the moment when he comes back home. With the Mozart’s requiem, lying in the soil he is longing for, he will feel peaceful, sweet and happy because he comes back the homeland. Maybe this is the reason why the majority people want to be burned in the homeland. Maybe this is the mysterious attachment between individual and land.

Psychiatric Illness Trisomy 18 or Edwards Syndrome

Psychiatric Illness Trisomy 18 or Edwards Syndrome Introduction Trisomy 18 (also referred to as Edwards Syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder (Gilmore, 2009). It occurs when part of an individual’s chromosome 18 is duplicated. This causes the development of a third copy of chromosome 18. This genetic error usually occurs as a result of nondisjunction during the meiotic stage. As the name suggests, it was first coined by John Hilton Edwards. He described it in 1960.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Psychiatric Illness: Trisomy 18 or Edwards Syndrome specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This syndrome is among the most common type of Trisomy. It comes second after Down syndrome. Only one in about 6,000 cases survives to birth. Another statistic indicates that about 80% of the affected are female. The largest proportion of individuals with the condition dies even before birth. For those who survive to birth, most die within one month after birth. Another small prop ortion may survive for about one year. However, a few individuals may survive past the first year after birth. However, such individuals usually require appropriate treatment due to the various adverse effects associated with the condition. Older women are at high risk of conceiving such children. Those of ages 30 and above have a greater risk. Edwards syndrome manifests itself in several ways and affects the individual’s external and internal organs. Individuals with this syndrome have abnormally formed toes and fingers. Abnormalities are also seen in the way the ears, mouth, lips, and head are developed. Internal organs such as muscles, lungs, heart, and blood vessels are also abnormally developed. Apart from appearance, the cognitive abilities of children are affected. Learning is also greatly impaired since these individuals have psychiatric issues. Causes A normal human gene contains 23 pairs of chromosomes numbered 1 to 22. The 23rd pair usually contains the Xs include Atrial Septic Defect and Ventricular Septal Defect. Male individuals may have abnormally formed urogenital systems. Others have malformed kidneys. Another consequence of the condition may be manifested in the form of inguinal and umbilical hernia. Due to issues with muscle tone and abnormalities with the nervous system, the motor skills of such individuals may be affected (Baty, Jorde, Blackburn, Carey, 1994). This could lead to curvature of the spine. This condition is also referred to as scoliosis. Due to the same problem, esotropia may develop. This is the case whereby the eyes appear crossed. What makes things worse is the fact that medical interventions, such as surgeries may be impossible to use due to issues with cardiac health. Constipation may be a lifes of remedies include the use of special milk formulas and stool softening medication. However, enema is strongly discouraged because it may alter fluid body composition. Individuals with Trisomy 18 may also show severe deve lopmental delays. However, early intervention may be used to help the child attain developmental milestones. Persons with the syndrome also have increased risks of developing cancer of the kidney. This disease is referred to as Wilms’ tumor. It mainly affects children, and it is for this reason that individuals with Trisomy 18 should have examinations of the abdominal cavity more often. Other complications, such as high blood pressure, pneumonia, seizures, ear and eye infections, pulmonary hypertension, and heart disease may occur. Another consequence of Edwards Syndrome is the inability to feed properly. Difficulties are also experienced when breathing, swallowing, and sucking. Such children may have problems coordinating their swallow. For this reason, they may choke or vomit. Other issues may include gastroesophageal reflux disease and aspiration. These describe the situation whereby food moves from the stomach to the throat and whereby liquid material is breathed into the lungs, respectively. Oral-facial clefts also cause issues as the child tries to feed. How Edwards Syndrome Affects Learning Process Children with Edwards Syndrome usually have learning problems due to the affected nervous system and brain. Mental retardation usually results in delayed development (Gilmore, 2014). The self-determination theory shows the importance of individuals’ innate psychological needs that influence their motivation and personality integration (Ryan Deci, 2000). These are required to ensure constructive social development. Retardation in individuals with Edwards syndrome may affect this ability (Anderson, Lytton, Romney, 1986). Learning how to walk may prove to be a learning issue for individuals. For this reason, a child who has survived past the first birthday would require to use walking support. Such children also have limited verbal communication abilities (Liang, Braddock, Heithaus, Christensen, Carey, 2013). However, such children may respond t o cuddling and may smile and interact with the guardian (Carey, 2012).Advertising Looking for term paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Response to stimuli such as cuddling indicates development since the Behavioural Child Development Theories propose that development is indicated by the child’s reaction to stimuli, punishment, and reinforcements (Dunn, 1992). According to the Group Socialization Theory proposed by Harris (1995), parents, teachers, and other members of society play an important role in the child’s learning process. Children with Edwards syndrome should have special education needs. Individuals with Edwards syndrome have difficulties expressing themselves using words (McGraw Perlman, 2008). Liang, Braddock, Heithaus, Christensen, and Carey (2013) conducted a study to investigate the communication ability of individuals with Edwards syndrome. According to the Sensory Stimulation Theory, effective learning takes place when there is a stimulation of the senses. These senses include sight and hearing. The individuals with Edwards syndrome can learn by watching and hearing. This is consiste nt with the cognitive Child Development Theory by Piaget, which proposes that a child actively gains knowledge from the environment. Conclusion Edwards syndrome is a genetic disorder that alters chromosome composition. The additional chromosome may cause death in most of the babies. Most die before birth, and many more die within the first month. For those that survive past the first year develop many abnormalities. Some defects would be visible on the outside, but some occur internally. Such children also experience learning problems since their nervous systems and brains are affected. Although these children may show some form of communication using gestures or body language, they are unable to speak sensibly (Nicoladis, Mayberry, Genesee, 1999). References Anderson, K., Lytton, H., Romney, D. (1986). Mothers interactions with normal and conduct-disordered boys: Who affects whom? Developmental Psychology, 22(1), 604-609. Banka, S., Metcalfe, K., Clayton-Smith, J. (2013). Trisom y 18 mosaicism: Report of two cases. World J Pediatr, 9(2), 179-181. Baty, B., Jorde, L., Blackburn, B., Carey, J. (1994). Natural history of trisomy 18 and trisomy 13: Psychomotor development. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 49(1), 189–184. Carey, J. (2012). Perspectives on the care and management of infants with trisomy 18 and 13: Striving for balance. Current Opinion in Paediatrics, 24(1), 672–678. Dunn, J. (1992). Siblings and development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1(1), 6-9. Gilmore, L. (2014). Understanding chromosome disorders and their implications for special educators. Cypriot Journal of Educational Science, 9(1), 14-20. Gilmore, L. (2009). Rare chromosome disorders and their developmental consequences. Intellectual Disability Australasia, 30(1), 3-7. Harris, J. (1995). Where is the child’s environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 102(3), 458-489. Liang, C., Braddock, A., Heithaus, J., Ch ristensen, K., Carey, J. (2013). Reported communication ability of persons with Trisomy 18 and Trisomy 13. Dev Neurorehabil, 1751(8423), 1-8. McGraw M., Perlman, J. (2008). Attitudes of neonatologists toward delivery room management of confirmed Trisomy 18: Potential factors influencing a changing dynamic. Paediatrics, 121(1), 1106–1110. Nicoladis, E., Mayberry, R., Genesee, F. (1999). Gesture and early bilingual development. Developmental Psychology, 35(1), 514–526. Ryan, R., Deci, E. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.

Patron and Patronize

Patron and Patronize Patron and Patronize Patron and Patronize By Maeve Maddox Someone in my Facebook feed posted this about an aging celebrity who has recently published a book: â€Å"Don’t buy her books and don’t patron her movies.† I’d never seen patron used as a verb. Patronize is the verb commonly used to mean: â€Å"to frequent or support as a customer.† For example: I have patronized The Brown Derby since its inception and have always found the food to be second-to-none. A Web search turned up many examples of the unconventional use of patron in this sense. Here are two examples: The owner is very racist and I REFUSE to patron this place.   My wife and  I refuse to patron movie  theaters on Thanksgiving or Christmas.   Not surprisingly, the most common source of this nonstandard use of patron is social media. What did surprise me is that I found patron used as a verb in some British news sources. It was, however, used in the context of a well-known person agreeing to act as spokesman for a nonprofit enterprise: Lambeth Palace told The Times: â€Å"Since taking office in March this year, the Archbishop has received many kind invitations to patron a large variety of charities and good causes. –The Telegraph. Celebrity Piers Morgan to patron cat rescue centre –Bristol Post The prince has also agreed to patron Daresbury’s sister site at Harwell, Oxfordshire. –Runcorn and Widnes Weekly News. The noun patron derives from pater, the Latin word for father. In Latin society, a patron was a protector, someone who looked after the well-being of a former slave or other dependent. The feminine form was patrona. (A matrona was simply â€Å"a married woman.†) The earliest documentation in the OED of the verb patronize to mean, â€Å"to act as a patron towards† is dated 1593. The use of patron with this meaning has three 17th century citations, and one by Dickens in the 19th. (The use by Dickens is probably meant to be humorous: â€Å"Why am I to be Patroned and Patronessed as if the Patrons and Patronesses treated me?†) The first modern citation for patron used as a verb to mean â€Å"act as patron† is dated 1954, and this use is still rare even in Britain. In my unscientific browsing of British newspapers, I found that constructions like â€Å"agreed to serve as patron† outnumber constructions like â€Å"agreed to patron.† In addition to its meanings of â€Å"protection and support,† patronize has acquired a negative connotation. Human nature being what it is, the beneficial act of patronizing a good cause is often accompanied by an overt attitude that the donor is superior to the recipient. As a result, â€Å"to patronize† has become a synonym for â€Å"to condescend.† condescend (verb): to assume an air of superiority (as to one inferior or less fortunate) Here are some examples of patronize in this sense: How do you feel when people patronize your religion? Candidate In Iowa Makes Patronizing Offensive Comments About Women Voters Dont patronize me, she  said  heatedly. Im not one of your witless lady friends. Patron as a verb meaning, â€Å"serve as a spokesperson for a worthy cause† may catch on. Such use would serve to distinguish the act of serving as a spokesman from the less altruistic meanings of patronize. On the other hand, patronize is just one of many English words that have different meanings according to context. It’s the sort of thing one is expected to learn in English class. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 30 Baseball Idioms30 Nautical Expressions

Quiz two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Quiz two - Essay Example The average cost of repairs under warranty is $45 for labour and $75 for parts per unit. During 2012, 2,500 exercise machines were sold at an average price of $800. During the year, 60 of the machines that were sold were repaired at the average price per unit. The opening balance in the Warranty Liability account is zero. 30. Taylor Companys payroll for the week ending January 15 amounted to $50,000 for Office Salaries and $120,000 for Store Wages. The following deductions were withheld from employees salaries and wages: On January 1, 2010, Andrews Corporation issued $900,000, 8%, 5-year bonds dated January 1, 2010, at 100 (this value was assumed as it was not given in the document) to yield 9%. The bonds pay semi-annual interest on January 1 and July 1. The company has a December 31 year end. On January 1, 2010, Callahan Corporation issued $600,000, 9%, 5-year bonds, dated January 1, 2007, at 104. The bonds pay interest semi-annually on January 1 and July 1. The company has a December 31 year end. Assume amortization of $1,700 and $2,100 respectively for the first two semi-annual interest periods. Hanna Manufacturing Limited receives $240,000 on January 1, 2010 when it issues a 6%, 3-year note payable to finance the purchase of equipment. The terms provide for annual payments each December 31. The first payment is due December 31, 2010. (a) Hillman Corporation purchased $150,000 of its bonds on June 30, 2011, at 102 and immediately retired them. The amortized cost of the bonds on the retirement date was $137,700. The bonds pay semi-annual interest and the interest payment due on June 30, 2011, has been made and recorded. (b) Dalton, Inc. purchased $200,000 of its bonds at 96 on June 30, 2011, and immediately retired them. The amortized cost of the bonds on the retirement date was $196,500. The bonds pay semi-annual interest and the interest payment due on June 30, 2011,